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(Created page with "An image is a visual representation of the biological system under study. Typically, these images are digital and viewed on a computer. == How images are formed == Images are formed by focusing light from the sample on to a detector, such as a camera. For this section, we will focus on how 2D images are formed on a camera. A simplified diagram of the optical path from the sample to a camera is shown in Fig. 1. Light from the sample passes through the optical train of a...") |
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An image is a visual representation of the biological system under study. Typically, these images are digital and viewed on a computer. | An image is a visual representation of the biological system under study. Typically, these images are digital and viewed on a computer. | ||
== How images are formed == | == How microscope images are formed == | ||
Images are formed by focusing light from the sample on to a detector, such as a camera. For this section, we will focus on how 2D images are formed on a camera | [[File:Microscope imaging.png|thumb|513x513px|Simplified diagram showing optical path from sample to camera sensor.]] | ||
Images are formed by focusing light from the sample on to a detector, such as a camera. For this section, we will focus on how 2D images are formed on a camera. | |||
Light from the sample passes through the optical train of a microscope and is focused on the camera array. The camera array consists of a two-dimensional grid of light-sensing pixels. When light hits a pixel, the material absorbs the energy from the photon and releases an electron through the photoelectric effect. These electrons are then amplified and converted into a voltage. | Light from the sample passes through the optical train of a microscope and is focused on the camera array. The camera array consists of a two-dimensional grid of light-sensing pixels. When light hits a pixel, the material absorbs the energy from the photon and releases an electron through the photoelectric effect. These electrons are then amplified and converted into a voltage. | ||
[[File:How camera pixels digitize light.png|thumb|467x467px|Schematic showing how light is digitized on a camera pixel. Photons incident on a pixel are absorbed causing electrons to be released. The voltage is measured and converted into digital intensity using an analog-to-digital converter. The digitized image is then sent to the computer.]] | |||
[[File:Image pixelization.png|thumb|617x617px|The light focused on the camera sensor is measured and reproduced as a digital image. The final image can appear pixelated if fine features fall within a single pixel.]] | |||
To convert between the analog (continuous) voltage, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is typically employed to digitize the voltage. This results in the original continuous voltage being converted into discretized steps. The range of voltages that are discretized depends on different parameters of the camera, including its gain and the dynamic range setting. The digitized information is then sent to the computer to be stored in a file. | |||
=== Pixel values === | |||
The underlying information of an image is an array of numbers representing the digitized intensity measured by the camera pixels. The intensity measured by each pixel depends on the excitation intensity. | |||
The value of each image pixel is in relative units. | |||
== Color == | |||
It is important to note that '''<u>most</u>''' microscope | |||
Typically, microscope images are rendered in a false color | |||
Latest revision as of 19:28, 12 November 2024
An image is a visual representation of the biological system under study. Typically, these images are digital and viewed on a computer.
How microscope images are formed
Images are formed by focusing light from the sample on to a detector, such as a camera. For this section, we will focus on how 2D images are formed on a camera.
Light from the sample passes through the optical train of a microscope and is focused on the camera array. The camera array consists of a two-dimensional grid of light-sensing pixels. When light hits a pixel, the material absorbs the energy from the photon and releases an electron through the photoelectric effect. These electrons are then amplified and converted into a voltage.
To convert between the analog (continuous) voltage, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is typically employed to digitize the voltage. This results in the original continuous voltage being converted into discretized steps. The range of voltages that are discretized depends on different parameters of the camera, including its gain and the dynamic range setting. The digitized information is then sent to the computer to be stored in a file.
Pixel values
The underlying information of an image is an array of numbers representing the digitized intensity measured by the camera pixels. The intensity measured by each pixel depends on the excitation intensity.
The value of each image pixel is in relative units.
Color
It is important to note that most microscope
Typically, microscope images are rendered in a false color